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橡塑技术与装备 CHINA RUBBER/PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT

有多个且可以被更改或取消。
（2）作用不同
机床坐标系是为了机床的设计，机床的运动控制
而产生的。工件坐标系是为了方便数控编程而产生的。
（3）确立方法不同
机床坐标系是机床安调或维修人员通过设定各个
轴的参考点而确立的。工件坐标系是机床操作人员通
过刀具或其它工具探测工件而建立的。
6.2 联系
（1）工件坐标系各轴的方向必须和机床坐标系各
图 7 机床坐标系与工件坐标系
轴的方向保持一致。工件坐标系和机床坐标系都是根
据右手定则建立的笛卡尔直角坐标系，因此各轴的名
6 机床坐标系和工件坐标系的区别和联
称和正负方向必须要保持一致。
系
（2）机床坐标系是工件坐标系的基础，工件坐标
机床坐标系和工件坐标系是实际工作中经常用到
系的零点位置是通过坐标偏移转换的原理在机床坐标
的两大坐标系，二者之间既有明显的区别又有紧密的
系下的一个相对位置点。
联系。
综述，机床原点是机床坐标系的零点，机床坐标
6.1 主要区别
系是通过设定机床各个轴的参考点而建立的，它的作
（1）概念不同
用是对机床的运动进行检测和控制，具有绝对性、稳
如前所述，机床坐标系是机床的设计基准，它的
定性和唯一性 ；工件零点是工件坐标系的零点，它是
位置是固定不变的也不能被移动。机床坐标系有且只
因为编程需要而建立的基准，它可以有多个并且可以
有一个具有绝对性和唯一性。工件坐标系是由编程人
被修改。
员根据工件的特点依据编程需要而自由定义的，可以

Difference and connection between the origin, reference point, and
workpiece zero point of CNC machine tools

Lv Baolei
(Grob Machine Tool (China) Co. LTD., Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China )
Abstract: Machine tool origin and reference point are two important concepts that define the motion of
CNC machine tools, and they have both differences and connections. The machine tool origin, also known
as the zero point of the machine tool coordinate system, is the unified reference for position measurement,
control, and display of CNC machine tools. This article defines the concept of reference points for CNC
machine tools from a new perspective, outlines the role of reference points in CNC machine tools, and
identifies the conditions under which reference points need to be reset. This article combines the operation
method of setting reference points for the X, Y, and Z axes of CNC machine tools in practical work, and
further clarifies the characteristics of reference points by summarizing their inherent principles. The origin of the
machine tool only has practical significance after setting or establishing a reference point; The origin of the
machine tool is determined at the beginning of the machine tool design; Only with the origin of the machine
tool can the position of the reference point be set, which is the difference and connection between the
two. The zero point of the workpiece is the origin of the workpiece coordinate system, which is set based on

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