The rubber double-cone twin-screw extrusion calender is a key high-efficiency mixing and molding equipment in the modern rubber industry. The performance of its transmission system directly affects the stability, energy consumption, and product quality of the equipment.This paper analyzes two mainstream transmission modes of the screw driven by a single motor: the single reducer + synchronous bevel gear linkage mode and the dual reducer + universal joint coupling in series mode. A systematic comparison is conducted from the perspectives of working principle, structural characteristics, performance, energy efficiency, maintenance cost, and applicable scenarios, revealing their core advantages and disadvantages. The research shows that the former has significant advantages in high synchronization accuracy, compact structure, high transmission efficiency, and simple maintenance; the latter has notable advantages in reasonable load distribution, strong power expansion, high operational reliability, convenient maintenance, and wide process adaptability. The conclusions of this paper provide an important theoretical basis for equipment selection and optimal design.